Unit+2-+Ideologies

=Unit 2: Ideologies=

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Liberalism

 * A set of ideas of individualism, human rights, etc.
 * Radicals
 * Mill, Gagern, Mazzini

Conservatism

 * Value history more than reason
 * Restoration and Compensation are Reactionary Goals
 * Reactionaries
 * Burke, Metternich, de Maistre, Karamzin, Donoso-Cortes

Nationalism

 * Defines a shared identity for a group of people and provides emotional and historical unity
 * Individuals in group are loyal to each other
 * If group has a state the loyalty will extend to the state
 * Industrial Revolution has a role
 * Hegel, Herder, Grimm Brothers

Socialism

 * An explicit assault on capitalism
 * Wants to control means of production
 * Minimize class distinction
 * Change Status Quo
 * Robert Owen, Fourier, de Rouvroy
 * Dislike laissez-faire economics
 * Too optimistic

Communism

 * Private Property and Class Distinctions create Political Power
 * Against exploitation of lower classes
 * With Communism the government as an agent of oppression will go away
 * Nationalism is a casualty of Communism
 * New phase of human history
 * Economic Determinism (What directs human affairs?)
 * Class determines behavior
 * Overly optimistic

Darwinism

 * Natural Selection
 * Natural variations occur within species
 * Environment determines positive and negative traits
 * Creates competition between species
 * Challenges Creationism
 * Leads to a blend between religion and science
 * Shows the insignificance of people
 * Humans aren’t in charge of themselves-luck matters

Nietzsche Philosophy (Nihilism)

 * Human nature=lazy and fearful-why we conform
 * Serious reflection is not lazy
 * Industrialization obliterates all feeling-workers are lazy
 * Individuality is the greatest danger to a state, he wants a dangerous place
 * Puts emotion over reason
 * Creates a very dangerous state
 * Decrease in state power
 * No more religion
 * Subjective Truths
 * Don’t only reject everything, try to change it
 * Wants us to questions his ideas