Unit+7-+More+Revolutions

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=Unit 7: More Revolutions= toc

//Summary:// More places around the world explode. //Major Assessments//
 * This unit has a lot of relevance to the previous unit. Some main points are that Italy and Germany are added to the 3 revolutionary countries (Russia, China and India)
 * Revolution Project

**Important Readings**

 * The Western World in the Twenties: The Era of Illusions
 * Data Sheets
 * The First Despotic Utopias

**Some Key Terms**
(From the data sheet packet) //Hyperinflation// //Post WWI U.S. Isolation// //Treaty of Rapallo// //German Elections, 1932-33// //Treaty of Locarno// //Autarky// //Spartacist Revolt// //Washington Conference// //Weimar Constitution (3 Articles)// //Cultural Relativism//
 * Increased or excessive inflation
 * Currency down in value as prices rise
 * Not caused by a decline in production or the physical capacity to produce goods, but in the defective channels for the distribution of productive factors throughout the world (Distribution, not Production)
 * Shown in US refusal to ratify Treaty of Versailles or join League of Nations
 * Protectionst policy pursued by U.S. after war. They promoted American export trade as opposed to import which affects the favorable balance of trade, as countries in debt to the U.S. will have a hard time to regain their money. This leads to inflations in the other industrial countries.
 * As Europe loses its position as master of world trade, as U.S. and Japan takes over it requires drastic readjustments in structure of international economic relationships. However, the U.S. was unwilling to bear its burden as the leading exporter and international investor of the world.
 * 1922
 * Germany and USSR
 * Renounce reparations
 * Agree to cooperate
 * Ignore or escape consequences of Treaty of Versailles
 * Shared ambition to dominate Poland
 * Hitler loses in March 1932 to Hindenburg, who offers him a place in a coalition government (oh great. more coalitions. FML.)
 * Hitler wants a dictatorship, so he refuses.
 * Stalemate = Reichstag (Parliament) dissolved in September of '32
 * Second general election. Nazis lose Reichstag seats and $
 * Industrialists and aristocratic nationalists fear leftist revolt. They give Hitler the Chancellorship with a mixed cabinet (Jan.'33)
 * Hitler doesn't have a clear Reichstag majority = March 5 Elections
 * Most Germans don't vote for Nazi party because of propaganda
 * Feb. 27 '33, Reichstag building burned down. Propaganda minister blames it on capitalism. [?] Other countries think the Nazis set fire to it.
 * Hitler wins elections ~ Enabling Act gives him the power to rule without decree for 4 years.
 * 1925
 * Germany, GB, France, Italy
 * Admits Germany into LoN
 * Germany accepts strict rules imposed by Peace of Paris (demilitarization of the Rhineland, French border support, etc)
 * Germany received from France the promise of prompt evacuation of the Cologne zone of the Rhineland as Germany displayed good faith in regard to its disarmament intentions.
 * Germany is no longer a "pariah among nations" and parcipiates on equal footing with the Allies in the deliberations concerning the future of Europe.
 * It was hailed as a miraculous resolution of the conflict between the two powers on the Rhine, Germany and France. it created an atmosphere of cordiality and euophoria which concealed the serious deficiencies/cracks in the international order.
 * Goal of gaining total economic self-sufficiency, economic nationalism spread in which the war revealed military advantages of economic self-sufficiency and dangers of dependence on foreign markets. Was pursued by Hitler and Mussolini, which would bring problems to Italy as it was cheaper to buy goods from other nations. Italy suffers heavily through the Great Depression because of their goal of Autarky.
 * Popular (though unstated formally) nationalist policy
 * Influences the sluggish recovery of world trade in postyears of war along with U.S. protectionism.
 * THIS IS SPARTA! no, just kidding.
 * Jan. 1919
 * Left-wing Marxist group, called the Spartacist League, revolted against Germany's Social-Demoncratic government
 * Social-democratic government led by Ebert easily suppresses them
 * The leaders of the Spartacists were Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg, who formed the German Communist Party in 1918
 * 1921
 * Recognizes Japanese navy as the 3rd most powerful in the world
 * Limited race of warship construction results
 * President, Chancellor are responsible for Reichstag
 * Rights of labor, personal liberty, and compulsory education until age 18
 * Hindenburg, President in 1925, officially renounces War Guilt
 * The idea that the important elements or values of a culture are relative to the social/cultural context